An Exploration of the Relationship Between Adverse Childhood Experiences and Stress Using the Theory of Emerging Adulthood

Abstract

Few studies have examined cross-relations between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) and assimilation into emerging adulthood through developmental psychology theory (IDEA), and how this can contribute to stress levels. Participants (N = 531) were emerging adults (18-29) recruited in one south-central state in the United States. Correlations between ACE, IDEA, and stress were conducted, as well as multiple linear regressions to analyze the mediating effect that ACE may have on the relationship between IDEA and stress. Exposure to ACE was predominant in this sample, with 97.2% of participants having experiences at-least one form of ACE. Higher levels of ACE exposure had significant associations with IDEA constructs, specifically that of greater Instability. Further, the IDEA constructs of Possibilities/Instability, Self-Focus/Feeling In-Between had significant associations with higher stress levels. Lastly, ACE positively mediated the relationship between IDEA and stress levels. Results from this study posit the need to acknowledge emerging adulthood as a critical developmental period and the possible influence ACE and stress have on altering the theorized developmental path.